اقلیم و بوم سازگان مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک

اقلیم و بوم سازگان مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک

تأثیرکاشت سوزنی برگ زربین در جنگل‌های طبیعی پهن برگ بر خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک (تحقیق موردی: جنگل پیلمبرا پره سر گیلان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 فارغ اتحصیل کارشناسی ارشد دانشکده کویر شناسی
2 دانشیار گروه جنگلداری در مناطق خشک، دانشکده کویرشناسی، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران
3 عضو هیئت علمی موسسه تحقیقات جنگلها و مراتع کشور
4 دانشکده کویر شناسی دانشگاه سمنان
چکیده
سابقه و هدف: جنگل‌های هیرکانی، از مهم‌ترین رویشگاه‌های طبیعی ایران به‌شمار می‌روند و مدیریت پایدار آن‌ها از جنبه‌های اکولوژیکی و اقتصادی اهمیت بالایی دارد. یکی از چالش‌های اصلی در مدیریت این جنگل‌ها، انتخاب گونه‌های مناسب برای جنگل‌کاری و احیای مناطق تخریب‌شده است. گونه‌های سوزنی‌برگ مانند زربین به دلیل ویژگی‌های خاص خود در سال‌های اخیر مورد توجه قرار گرفته‌اند. از سوی دیگر، تغییر کاربری جنگل‌های طبیعی پهن‌برگ به جنگل‌های سوزنی‌برگ ممکن است تغییراتی در خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک ایجاد کند. بنابراین، بررسی تأثیر جنگل‌کاری با گونه زربین بر خصوصیات خاک مناطق جنگلی ضروری است. هدف از اجرای این پژوهش، مقایسه خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در سه ناحیه شامل منطقه دست‌کاشت سوزنی‌برگ، منطقه طبیعی پهن‌برگ و ناحیه نواری ادغام سوزنی‌برگ و پهن‌برگ جنگل هیرکانی است. این تحقیق با هدف تصمیم‌گیری در مورد گسترش جنگل‌کاری با گونه زربین انجام شده است. بررسی تغییرات خاک‌شناسی در این نواحی می‌تواند اطلاعات مفیدی برای بهبود مدیریت جنگل‌های منطقه ارائه دهد.

مواد و روش‌ها: برای این تحقیق، سه ترانسکت خطی، هر یک به طول ۲۰۰ متر و با فواصل قطع نمونه ۱۰ متر از یکدیگر، تعیین شد. نمونه‌برداری از عمق ۱۵ تا ۲۰ سانتی‌متری خاک صورت گرفت. نمونه‌ها به آزمایشگاه منتقل شده و پس از آماده‌سازی، فاکتورهای خاکی شامل اسیدیته (pH)، هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، بافت خاک، میزان فسفر و پتاسیم قابل جذب، چگالی ظاهری و کربن آلی اندازه‌گیری شدند. برای مقایسه داده‌های بین سه ناحیه، از آزمون‌های آماری دانکن و توکی استفاده شد.

یافته‌ها: نتایج تحقیق نشان داد، که خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در سه ناحیه مورد بررسی تفاوت‌های معناداری دارند. میزان pH خاک در منطقه پهن‌برگ بیشترین مقدار و در ناحیه سوزنی‌برگ کمترین مقدار را داشت. هدایت الکتریکی (EC) در ناحیه آمیخته در حد واسط دو منطقه دیگر بود. جرم مخصوص ظاهری نیز تفاوت معناداری در سه منطقه نشان داد. درصد مواد آلی در ناحیه سوزنی‌برگ و آمیخته نزدیک به هم بود و کمترین مقدار پتاسیم در ناحیه آمیخته مشاهده شد. همچنین، بیشترین مقدار فسفر در ناحیه آمیخته و کمترین مقدار آن در ناحیه سوزنی‌برگ ثبت شد. میزان نیتروژن خاک در ناحیه پهن‌برگ بیشترین مقدار را داشت، در حالی که در ناحیه آمیخته کمترین مقدار مشاهده شد. از نظر ترکیب بافت خاک، درصد رس در ناحیه پهن‌برگ بالاتر از دو منطقه دیگر بود، در حالی که درصد شن در ناحیه سوزنی‌برگ بیشترین مقدار را داشت.

نتیجه‌گیری: به‌طور کلی، ناحیه آمیخته از نظر خاک‌شناسی وضعیت مطلوبی داشته و خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک آن مشابه جنگل طبیعی منطقه است. بر اساس این نتایج، پیشنهاد می‌شود که جنگل‌کاری با گونه سوزنی‌برگ زربین در برنامه‌های توسعه منابع طبیعی کشور قرار گیرد، اما به‌صورت آمیخته با گونه‌های پهن‌برگ منطقه انجام شود تا از اثرات منفی احتمالی بر خصوصیات خاک جلوگیری شود.
نوع مقاله:
مقاله کامل علمی- پژوهشی

تاریخ دریافت:
تاریخ پذیرش:

واژه‌های کلیدی:
خصوصیات فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک، جنگل پهن برگ، زربین، گیلان.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Effect of Planting Cupressus sempervirens in the Natural Broadleaf Forests on the Physical and Chemical Properties of the Soil (Case Study: Pilambra Forest of Paresar, Gilan)

نویسنده English

Alireza Moshki 2
2 Associate Professor, Department of Forestry in Arid Region, Faculty of Desert Studies, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
چکیده English

Background and Objectives: One of the major challenges in managing the forests is selecting suitable species for afforestation and restoration of degraded areas. Coniferous species such as Cupressus sempervirens have received attention in recent years due to their unique characteristics. On the other hand, conversion of natural broadleaf forests to coniferous forests may cause changes in the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The aim of the present study is to compare the physical and chemical properties of soil in three areas including pure coniferous stand, natural broadleaf stand, and mixed broadleaf and coniferous stand in the Pilembra forest of Paresar, Gilan province. This study was conducted with the aim of making decisions about expanding afforestation with the species Zerbin. Studying soil changes in these areas can provide useful information for improving forest management in the region. Studying soil changes in these areas can provide useful information for improving forest management in the region. Usually, effect of broadleaf or coniferous species on soil properties has been studied separately, but it has been less common to study a pure broadleaf stand and a pure coniferous stand simultaneously alongside a mixed stand of these two species.
Materials and Methods: The geographical area under the study is located 73 kilometers from Rasht city in Gilan province. The minimum and maximum altitudes above sea level are 80 and 118 meters, respectively, and the average slope of the area is 8 percent. For this study, three linear transects, each 200 meters long with sampling intervals of 10 meters, were established. Sampling was conducted from the soil depth of 15 to 20 cm. The samples were transferred to the laboratory, and after preparation, soil factors such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil texture, available phosphorus and potassium, bulk density, and organic carbon were measured. Duncan and Tukey statistical tests were used to compare the data between the three regions.
Results: Results of the study indicated that physical and chemical properties of the soil varied significantly across the three regions. The soil pH was highest in the broadleaf region and lowest in the needleleaf region. Electrical conductivity (EC) in the mixed region was intermediate between the other two regions. Bulk density also showed a significant difference across the three regions. The organic matter content was similar in the needleleaf and mixed regions, while the lowest potassium content was observed in the mixed region. Additionally, the highest phosphorus content was found in the mixed region, and the lowest was recorded in the needleleaf region. The nitrogen content was highest in the broadleaf region, whereas the lowest was observed in the mixed region. In terms of soil texture composition, the clay percentage was higher in the broadleaf region compared to the other two regions, while the sand percentage was highest in the needleleaf region.
Conclusion: According to the results obtained in this study, it can be said that pure coniferous planting has a negative impact on the soil of the research area, but its impact is desirable and acceptable when mixed with broadleaf forest. It should be noted that other indicators, in addition to this research topic, such as ecosystem conditions, regional plant competition, presence of pests and natural disasters, forest economics and environmental actions, as well as the discussion of water exchange, should be considered in order to provide a more precise opinion on how to plant the Zerbin species.

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  • تاریخ دریافت 24 تیر 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 29 مرداد 1403
  • تاریخ پذیرش 30 شهریور 1403